Waves

Tuesday, 5 June 2018

12:57 PM

 

 

 

 

 

For two sinusoidal waves offset by a phase difference :

 

Standing waves have the form

 

 

 

Sound waves

 

 

 

Sound level in decibels

 

Doppler effect

 

Shock waves

 

 

Air columns

Closed ends - node

Open ends - antinode

 

In a pipe closed at one end - one node, one antinode at the ends

• Therefore can only have odd integer multiples

 

In a pipe open at both ends - two antinodes at the ends

• Can have any integer multiple

 

 

End effects

 

 

Beats - periodic variation in amplitude of a given point due to the superposition of two waves having slightly different frequencies