qemu TL;DR

The file located at /usr/sbin/qemu-arm-static is an x86 binary for debugging the ARM files.
You can also install your own version of qemu-arm-static

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ ./usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 [PROGRAM]

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gdb TL;DR

Install gdb-multiarch on your host machine. e.g Ubuntu: sudo apt install gdb-multiarch

1. Add parameter -g [PORT] to the qemu line.

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ ./usr/bin/qemu-arm-static -g 1234 ./lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 [PROGRAM]

1. Then on your host computer,

gdb-multiarch -ex="target remote:1234" [PROGRAM]

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Cross-compilation TL;DR

Install toolchain. e.g. Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf

• Configure against ARM platform
  • ./configure --host arm-linux-gnueabihf
  • May need to pass LDFLAGS='-static -pthread' as an arg
    • e.g. ./configure --host arm-linux-gnueabihf LDFLAGS='-static -pthread'
• Compile directly with gcc
  • arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc program.c
• Compile with make
  • CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc make

REMEMBER TO CHECK SYSTEM’S LIBC VERSION (ahem 2.19 on stock firmware)

Else, statically compile?

strace

./configure --host arm-linux-gnueabihf LD_FLAGS='-static -pthread'

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http://doppioandante.github.io/2015/07/10/Simple-ARM-programming-on-linux.html