Queueing thread activity

Global Queue

If a single lock is shared between all CPUs.
Lock contention

Poor load balancing

Priority = CPU_usage + nice + base.

The closer the priority is to -inf, the higher the priority.
The higher the priority is to +inf, the lower the priority.

e.g. IO bound applications (that waits for IO) have low CPU usage, and therefore higher priority
Nice - Custom value
Base - Kernel level has a lower base, User level has a higher base

P1 acquires a resource X
P2 wants that resource X
P1 needs more space in its stack, but P2 is blocking it

Solution - P2 allocates a new stack space and moves itself over to that spot.
P1 is then able to expand its stack.

Working set size - the pages that are most commonly accessed (ie main code blocks)

As the working set size increases, the CPU utilisation goes up.